DIETARY MANAGEMENT IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

 Introduction

Coronary heart disease or CHD is disease associated with disorders of circulation, heart muscles and vessels of heart.

People consuming diets with high amounts of fats and cholesterol become increasingly prone to disease of the cardiovascular system.

Diet is however only one of several factors which are believed to cause cardiovascular problems. Aa a result fatty substance such as cholesterol deposited on the wall of arteries.

CHD are associated in many patients with high level of cholesterol or triglycerides in blood and we call it hyperlipidemia. 

Diet Therapy of CHD or Coronary Heart Disease

Diet therapy of CHD and other types of cardiovascular disorder is based on four simple rules.

1. Give the patient only the amount of food which would maintain weight. Putting on extra weight is dangerous. If a patient is overweight, prescribe low calorie diet.

2. Plan the menu around those food that are easy to digest.

3. Restrict stimulants such as coffee, tea, cocoa.

4. Limit sodium.

Diet of CHD Patients Contains:

1. Enough calorie for maintaining weight.

2. Carbohydrate should constitute 55-65% of calories.

3. A fiber intake of >40gm/day is recommended.

4. Protein intake should be 15-20% of the energy.

5. Fat intake should be 15-20% of total energy whereas polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids should provides less than 10% of the total calories.

Try to make understand cardiac patient about good food and tell the benefits of healthy diet to patient and points to remember:

. give the heart a much needed rest

. prevent or eliminate accumulation of fluid in the body

. maintain good nutrition

Dietary Management of CHD

A) 1000 Kcal Diet

Milk and milk products                  730ml

Egg white                                      One

Fruit juice                                      200gm

Vegetable soup                              200gm

Cereals                                         150gm

Sugar                                            20gm

Oil(unsaturated)                            10gm

Salient feature of above diet

. low cholesterol

. low fat

. sodium restricted

. low calorie

As patient improves he/she put on maintenance diet

B) Maintenance Diet                  1800 Kcal

Milk and milk products                   750ml

Egg white                                       one

Paneer/meat/chicken                      30/50gm

Fruits                                             200gm

Dal                                                25gm

Vegetables                                     400gm

Cereals                                         200gm

Sugar                                            20gm

Oil(unsaturated)                            15gm

Food Permitted For CHD Patients

Whole grain breads, cereals and starches

Vegetables: Two to five serving per day, minimum added fat and minimum salt

Fruits: Two to four serving per day

Dairy products: Fat free, buttermilk, yogurt, cottage cheese, 

Legumes: Legumes, dry beans and beans

Meat: Fish, lean meat, chicken without fat

Egg: Egg white

Food Not Permitted For CHD Patients

Glandular meat like kidney, liver, brain

Whole milk product, ice-cream, khoa

Butter, ghee

Egg yolk

Sweets of all kinds

Dry nuts

Fried fruits

Cocoa and chocolate based drinks

Alcohol

High sodium food

The key of dietary management of CHD is low cholesterol, low fat, high fiber diet with sodium restriction if necessary.

Conclusion

Coronary heart disease or CHD is a heart disease and we all know that if our heart do not work properly our whole body cannot work properly. Our diet plays an important role in maintaining heart health. Avoid high cholesterol diet and take care of your heart. If there is a problem regarding your heart consult an expert doctor.

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